• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    This elementary cell (1) comprises: - a reception antenna (2), planar; a planar transmission antenna (3) comprising disjointed first and second radiation surfaces (30, 31); a first phase shift circuit, comprising first and second switches (40, 41) respectively having an on state and a blocked state, alternately, between the first and second radiating surfaces (30, 31) of the transmission antenna; (3); and is remarkable in that the receiving antenna (2) comprises disjointed first and second sensing surfaces (20, 21); and in that the elementary cell (1) comprises a second phase shift circuit comprising first and second switches (50, 51) respectively having an on state and a blocked state, alternately, between the first and second pick-up surfaces (20). , 21) of the receiving antenna (2).
    公开号:FR3065329A1
    申请号:FR1753285
    申请日:2017-04-14
    公开日:2018-10-19
    发明作者:Antonio Clemente；Laurent Dussopt；Luca DI PALMA
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Holder (s): COMMISSIONER OF ATOMIC ENERGY AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES Public establishment.
    Extension request (s)
    Agent (s): INNOVATION COMPETENCE GROUP.
    104 / ELEMENTARY CELL OF A TRANSMITTER NETWORK FOR A RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA.
    FR 3 065 329 - A1 f5 /) This elementary cell (1) comprises:
    - a receiving antenna (2), planar;
    - a transmission antenna (3), planar, and comprising first and second radiating surfaces (30, 31) separated;
    - a first phase shift circuit, comprising first and second switches (40, 41) respectively having a passing state and a blocked state, alternately, between the first and second radiation surfaces (30, 31) of the transmission antenna (3);
    and is remarkable in that the receiving antenna (2) comprises first and second sensing surfaces (20, 21) which are separate; and in that the elementary cell (1) comprises a second phase shift circuit comprising first and second switches (50, 51) having respectively a passing state and a blocked state, alternately, between the first and second sensing surfaces (20 , 21) of the receiving antenna (2).

    i
    BASIC CELL OF A TRANSMITTER NETWORK FOR A RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA
    Technical area
    The invention relates to an elementary cell of a transmitting network for a reconfigurable antenna at an operating frequency, preferably between 4 GHz and 170 GHz. The invention also relates to a reconfigurable antenna comprising a transmitter network comprising such elementary cells.
    By "reconfigurable" is meant that at least one characteristic of the antenna can be modified during its lifetime, after its manufacture. The generally modifiable characteristic or characteristics are the frequency response (in amplitude and in phase), the radiation pattern (also called beam), and the polarization. The reconfiguration of the frequency response covers various functions such as frequency switching, frequency tuning, bandwidth variation, phase shift, frequency filtering etc. The reconfiguration of the radiation diagram covers various functionalities such as the angular scanning of the beam pointing direction (also called depointing), the beam opening (i.e. the concentration of the radiation in a particular direction), spatial filtering, the formation of a beam or a multibeam (for example several narrow beams replacing a wide beam) etc.
    Regarding the reconfiguration of the radiation pattern, there are different types of reconfigurable antenna, including:
    - a phase-controlled network antenna (“Phased array antenna” in English),
    - a reflective array antenna (“Peflectarray antenna” in English),
    - a transmitting network antenna (“Pransmitarray antenna” in English).
    The technical field of the invention relates more specifically to a reconfigurable antenna of the transmitter network type.
    Such reconfigurable antennas are particularly advantageously from the C band (4-8 GHz) up to the D band (110-170 GHz) for the following applications:
    - speed cameras for assistance and driver assistance, with an active safety perspective,
    - very high resolution imaging and surveillance systems,
    - very high speed millimeter wave communications systems (inter-building or intra-building communications in home or building automation environment, short-range link),
    - LEO low-orbit ground-satellite telemetry links (for “.PoivEarth Orbit” in English) in I <a band, satellite telecommunications with reconfigurable primary source (SOTM ™ for “S'atcom-on-the-Move” in English, Internet, Television etc.),
    - point-to-point and point-to-multipoint link systems (metropolitan networks, “Pronthaul” and “Backhaul” systems for cellular networks, radio access for fifth generation mobile networks, etc.).
    State of the art
    An elementary cell of a transmitter network for a reconfigurable antenna, known from the state of the art, in particular from document WO 2012/085067, comprises:
    - a receiving antenna, planar, intended to receive an incident wave;
    - a transmission antenna, planar, intended to transmit the incident wave with a phase shift, and comprising first and second disjoint radiation surfaces;
    - a phase shift circuit, configured to define a couple of phase states for the incident wave; the phase shift circuit comprising first and second switches respectively having an on state and an off state, alternately; the passing or blocked states corresponding to a current flow, respectively authorized or blocked, between the first and second disjoint radiation surfaces of the transmission antenna.
    Such an elementary cell of the state of the art is not entirely satisfactory insofar as it can generate only two phase states for the transmission of the incident wave. The two phase states are separated by 180 ° insofar as the first and second switches, having respectively a passing state and a blocked state and controlled alternately, excite the transmission antenna in phase or in phase opposition with the receiving antenna. In other words, the transmission phase is controlled with a quantization of 1 bit, i.e. two phase states at 0 ° or 180 °. This quantification on 1 bit is likely to limit the performance of the reconfigurable antenna of the transmitting network type, in particular in terms of directivity, and consequently of gain, and level of the secondary lobes (SLL for “Side (Lobe Level” in language). English).
    Statement of the invention
    The invention aims to remedy all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks. To this end, the subject of the invention is an elementary cell of a transmitter network for an antenna reconfigurable at an operating frequency, the elementary cell comprising:
    - a receiving antenna, planar, intended to receive an incident wave;
    - a transmission antenna, planar, intended to transmit the incident wave with a phase shift, and comprising first and second disjoint radiation surfaces;
    - a first phase shift circuit, configured to define a first pair of phase states for the incident wave; the first phase shift circuit comprising first and second switches respectively having an on state and an off state, alternately; the passing or blocked states corresponding to a flow of current, respectively authorized or blocked, between the first and second disjoint radiation surfaces of the transmission antenna;
    the elementary cell being remarkable in that the receiving antenna comprises first and second disjointed collecting surfaces; and in that the elementary cell comprises a second phase shift circuit, configured to define a second pair of phase states for the incident wave; the second phase shift circuit comprising first and second switches respectively having an on state and an off state, alternately; the passing or blocked states corresponding to a circulation of a current, respectively authorized or blocked, between the first and second receiving surfaces disjoint from the receiving antenna.
    Thus, such an elementary cell according to the invention makes it possible, thanks to such a reception antenna and to the second phase shift circuit, to obtain a second pair of phase states for the transmission of the incident wave. Such an elementary cell can therefore generate four phase states for the transmission of the incident wave. The phase states within each pair are separated by 180 ° insofar as the switches of the first and second phase shift circuits excite the transmission antenna (respectively the reception antenna) in phase or in phase opposition with l 'receiving antenna (respectively the transmitting antenna). In other words, the transmission phase is controlled with a quantization of 2 bits, and not simply 1 bit as in the state of the art. This quantification on 2 bits makes it possible to envisage an improvement in the performance of the reconfigurable antenna of the transmitter network type, in particular in terms of directivity, and consequently of gain, and of level of secondary lobes.
    Definitions
    - By "disjoint" is meant that the first and second radiation (and capture) surfaces are separated from each other by a separation zone so as to be electrically isolated.
    - "Alternating" means that the first switch alternates between the on state and the blocked state, while, simultaneously, the second switch belonging to the same phase shift circuit alternates between the blocked state and the on state . In other words, at all times, the first and second switches belonging to the same phase shift circuit have two opposite states, either on / off, or on / off. Passing / passing or blocked / blocked states are not permitted.
    The elementary cell according to the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics.
    According to a characteristic of the invention, the elementary cell comprises a delay line configured so that the second pair of phase states is 90 ° out of phase with respect to the first pair of phase states.
    By "line" means a track made of an electrically conductive material.
    By "electrically conductive" is meant that the material has an electrical conductivity at 300 I <greater than 10 3 S / cm.
    Thus, an advantage obtained is to obtain the following four phase states: 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °. These four phase states are particularly advantageous because they make it possible to improve the focusing capacity of the transmitting network and consequently the gain.
    According to a feature of the invention, the delay line extends from the receiving antenna.
    Thus, it is preferable to integrate the delay line with the receiving antenna rather than within the phase shift circuits. Indeed, the delay line has a length adapted to the desired phase shift. In the event of correction or modification of the desired phase shift, the reception antenna remains easily accessible to modify the delay line, unlike the phase shift circuits arranged within the architecture of the elementary cell.
    According to a characteristic of the invention, the elementary cell comprises a first dielectric substrate comprising:
    - a first surface, provided with the receiving antenna;
    - A second surface, opposite the first surface, and provided with bias lines arranged to bias the first and second switches of the second phase shift circuit.
    By "dielectric substrate" is meant a substrate made of a material having an electrical conductivity at 300 I <less than 10 x S / cm.
    Thus, an advantage provided is to authorize a polarization of the switches with a minimum bulk, and without disturbing the reception diagram of the receiving antenna.
    According to a characteristic of the invention, the elementary cell comprises a second dielectric substrate comprising:
    - a first surface, provided with a ground plane;
    - a second surface, opposite the first surface.
    Thus, an advantage provided by the ground plane is to form an electromagnetic shielding between the reception antenna and the transmission antenna.
    According to a characteristic of the invention, the second surface of the second dielectric substrate is provided with quarter-wave lines electrically connected to the ground plane.
    By "quarter-wave line" is meant a line having a length equal to a quarter of the operating wavelength of the antenna.
    Thus, an advantage provided by such lines is to form an open circuit (impedance tends to infinity) at the operating frequency.
    According to a characteristic of the invention, the elementary cell comprises a first bonding film arranged to bond the second surface of the second dielectric substrate to the second surface of the first dielectric substrate.
    Thus, an advantage provided by such a bonding film is to be able to join the first and second dielectric substrates with minimal bulk.
    According to a characteristic of the invention, the elementary cell comprises a third dielectric substrate comprising:
    - a first surface, provided with the transmission antenna;
    - A second surface, opposite the first surface, and provided with bias lines arranged to bias the first and second switches of the first phase shift circuit.
    Thus, an advantage provided is to authorize a polarization of the switches with a minimum bulk, and without disturbing the radiation pattern of the transmission antenna.
    According to a characteristic of the invention, the elementary cell comprises a second bonding film arranged to bond the second surface of the third dielectric substrate to the first surface of the second dielectric substrate.
    Thus, an advantage provided by such a bonding film is to be able to join the second and third dielectric substrates with minimal bulk.
    According to a characteristic of the invention, the elementary cell comprises a main interconnection hole, arranged to electrically connect the reception antenna and the transmission antenna; the main via hole passing through the first, second, and third dielectric substrates as well as the first and second bonding films; the main interconnecting hole being electrically isolated from the ground plane; the main interconnecting hole being connected to the quarter-wave lines.
    The invention also relates to an antenna reconfigurable at an operating frequency, comprising a transmitter network comprising a set of elementary cells in accordance with the invention.
    Brief description of the drawings
    Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the detailed description of different embodiments of the invention, the presentation being accompanied by examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    Figure 1 is a schematic view of a reconfigurable transmitter array antenna.
    Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of an elementary cell according to the invention.
    Figure 3 is a schematic exploded perspective view in transparency of an elementary cell according to the invention.
    Figure 4 is a partial schematic view, from above, of an elementary cell according to the invention, illustrating the first surface of the second dielectric substrate provided with a ground plane.
    Figure 5 is a partial schematic view, from above, of an elementary cell according to the invention, illustrating the second surface of the second dielectric substrate provided with quarter-wave lines.
    Figure 6 is a partial schematic view, from above, of an elementary cell according to the invention, illustrating the second surface of the first dielectric substrate provided with switch bias lines.
    Figure 7 is a partial schematic view, from above, of an elementary cell according to the invention, illustrating the first surface of the first dielectric substrate provided with a receiving antenna.
    Detailed description of the embodiments
    Identical elements or ensuring the same function will have the same references for the different embodiments, for the sake of simplification.
    An object of the invention is an elementary cell 1 of an RT transmitter network for an antenna reconfigurable at an operating frequency, the elementary cell 1 comprising:
    - A receiving antenna 2, planar, intended to receive an incident wave E,;
    a transmission antenna 3, planar, intended to transmit the incident wave E, with a phase shift (the transmitted wave E t phase shifted being illustrated in FIG. 1), and comprising first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31 which are disjoint ;
    - a first phase shift circuit 4, configured to define a first pair of phase states for the incident wave E,; the first phase shift circuit 4 comprising first and second switches 40, 41 respectively having an on state and an off state, alternately; the passing or blocked states corresponding to a flow of a current, respectively authorized or blocked, between the first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31 separated from the transmission antenna 3;
    the elementary cell 1 being remarkable in that the receiving antenna 2 comprises first and second separation surfaces 20, 21 separated; and in that the elementary cell 1 comprises a second phase shift circuit 5, configured to define a second pair of phase states for the incident wave E,; the second phase shift circuit 5 comprising first and second switches 50, 51 respectively having an on state and an off state, alternately; the passing or blocked states corresponding to a current flow, respectively authorized or blocked, between the first and second sensing surfaces 20, 21 disjoint from the receiving antenna 2.
    Reception antenna
    The elementary cell 1 advantageously comprises a first dielectric substrate 6 comprising:
    - A first surface 60, provided with the receiving antenna 2;
    a second surface 61, opposite the first surface 60, and provided with bias lines 610 arranged to bias the first and second switches 50, 51 of the second phase shift circuit 5.
    By way of nonlimiting example, the first dielectric substrate 6 can have a thickness of the order of 254 μm when the operating frequency is 29 GHz. By way of nonlimiting example, the first dielectric substrate 6 can be made of a commercial material such as RT / duroid® 6002.
    The receiving antenna 2 is a planar antenna ("patch" in English). The first and second sensing surfaces 20, 21 are arranged to capture the incident wave E,. The first and second capture surfaces 20, 21 are separated in the sense that they are separated from each other by a separation zone ZS1 so as to be electrically isolated from each other. To this end, a slot is advantageously provided in the receiving antenna 2 to electrically isolate the first and second sensing surfaces 20, 21. The slot defines the separation zone ZS1. The slot is preferably annular, of rectangular section. Of course, other shapes are possible for the slot, such as an elliptical or circular shape. According to an alternative embodiment, the electrical insulation of the first and second sensing surfaces 20, 21 can be provided by a dielectric material.
    The first and second capture surfaces 20, 21 advantageously have an axis of symmetry so as not to degrade the polarization of the incident wave E,. The first collection surface 20 preferably forms a ring with rectangular section. The second collection surface 21 preferably forms a rectangular strip. The second collection surface 21 is advantageously circumscribed by the first collection surface 20 in order to avoid the formation of parasitic currents. The first and second collection surfaces 20, 21 are preferably made of a metallic material, more preferably copper. Additional sensing surfaces can advantageously be stacked on the first and second sensing surfaces 20, 21 in order to increase the bandwidth of the receiving antenna 2.
    The elementary cell 1 advantageously comprises a delay line LR configured so that the second pair of phase states is 90 ° out of phase with respect to the first pair of phase states. To do this, the delay line LR has a suitable length so that the second pair of phase states is 90 ° out of phase with respect to the first pair of phase states. The delay line LR advantageously extends from the reception antenna 2. More precisely, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the delay line LR extends from the first sensing surface 20 of the antenna 2. The LR delay line is preferably made of a metallic material, more preferably copper.
    Ground plan
    The elementary cell 1 advantageously comprises a second dielectric substrate 7 comprising:
    - A first surface 70, provided with a ground plane PM;
    a second surface 71, opposite the first surface 70.
    By way of nonlimiting example, the second dielectric substrate 7 can have a thickness of the order of 254 μm when the operating frequency is 29 GHz. By way of nonlimiting example, the second dielectric substrate 7 can be made of a commercial material such as RT / duroid® 6002.
    The ground plane PM is preferably made of a metallic material, more preferably copper. By way of nonlimiting example, the ground plane PM can have a thickness of the order of 17 pm when the operating frequency is 29 GHz.
    The second surface 71 of the second dielectric substrate 7 is advantageously provided with quarter wave lines 710 electrically connected to the ground plane PM via an interconnection hole 711 passing through the second dielectric substrate 7. The quarter lines 710 wave are preferably made of a metallic material, more preferably copper.
    Transmission antenna
    The elementary cell 1 advantageously comprises a third dielectric substrate 8 comprising:
    - A first surface 80, provided with the transmission antenna 3;
    a second surface 81, opposite the first surface 80, and provided with bias lines 810 arranged to bias the first and second switches 40, 41 of the first phase shift circuit 4.
    By way of nonlimiting example, the third dielectric substrate 8 can have a thickness of the order of 508 μm when the operating frequency is 29 GHz. By way of nonlimiting example, the third dielectric substrate 8 can be made from a commercial material such as RT / duroid® 6002.
    The transmission antenna 3 is a planar antenna ("patch" in English). The first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31 are separated in the sense that they are separated from one another by a separation zone ZS2 so as to be electrically isolated from each other. For this purpose, a slot is advantageously provided in the transmission antenna 3 to electrically isolate the first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31. The slot defines the separation zone ZS2. The slot is preferably annular, of rectangular section. Of course, other shapes are possible for the slot, such as an elliptical or circular shape. According to an alternative embodiment, the electrical insulation of the first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31 can be provided by a dielectric material.
    The first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31 advantageously have an axis of symmetry so as not to degrade the polarization of the wave transmitted E t by the transmission antenna 3 by minimizing the excitation of unwanted resonance modes. The first radiation surface 30 preferably forms a ring of rectangular section. The second radiation surface 31 preferably forms a rectangular strip. The second radiation surface 31 is advantageously circumscribed by the first radiation surface 30 in order to avoid the formation of parasitic currents. The first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31 are preferably made of a metallic material, more preferably copper. Additional radiation surfaces can advantageously be stacked on the first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31 in order to increase the bandwidth of the transmission antenna 3.
    The reception antenna 2 and the transmission antenna 3 can advantageously be oriented relative to each other so as to modify the polarization of the incident wave Η. Thus, a rotation of the transmission antenna 3 by 90 ° relative to the reception antenna 2 makes it possible to pass, for example, from a vertical polarization of the incident wave E t to a horizontal polarization of the transmitted wave E t .
    Phase shift circuits
    The first phase shift circuit 4 includes bias lines 810 arranged to bias the first and second switches 40, 41. The bias lines 810 are electrically conductive tracks, forming means for controlling the first and second switches 40, 41. The polarization lines 810 are preferably made of a metallic material, more preferably copper. As mentioned above, the bias lines 810 of the first phase shift circuit 4 are advantageously arranged on the second surface 81 of the third dielectric substrate 8. The bias lines 810 of the first phase shift circuit 4 are electrically connected to the transmission antenna 3 , more precisely at the first radiation surface 30 of the transmission antenna 3, via an interconnection hole 811 passing through the third dielectric substrate 8. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the polarization lines 810 of the first phase shift circuit 4 can be connected to contact pads or decoupling circuits 812. The contact pads or decoupling circuits 812 are preferably made of a metallic material, more preferably copper.
    Similarly, the second phase shift circuit 5 includes bias lines
    610 arranged to bias the first and second switches 50, 51. The bias lines 610 are electrically conductive tracks, forming means for controlling the first and second switches 50, 51. The bias lines 610 are preferably made of a metallic material , more preferably copper. As mentioned above, the bias lines 610 of the second phase shift circuit 5 are advantageously arranged on the second surface 61 of the first dielectric substrate 6. The bias lines 610 of the second phase shift circuit 5 are electrically connected to the receiving antenna 2 , more precisely at the first sensing surface 20 of the receiving antenna 2, via a via hole
    611 passing through the first dielectric substrate 6. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 6, the bias lines 610 of the second phase shift circuit are advantageously connected to decoupling circuits 612. The decoupling circuits 612 are preferably made of a metallic material, more preferably copper.
    The first and second switches 40, 41 of the first phase shift circuit 4 can extend over the first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31 of the transmission antenna 3. As a variant, the first and second switches 40, 41 of the first phase shift circuit 4 can be formed at the first surface 80 of the third dielectric substrate 8, in the zone of separation ZS2 of the first and second radiation surfaces 30, 31 of the transmission antenna 3. The first and second switches 40 , 41 of the first phase shift circuit 4 are advantageously formed on the first surface 80 of the third dielectric substrate 8, in the separation zone ZS2, monolithically with the transmission antenna 3. By “monolithic”, it is meant that the transmission antenna 3 and the first and second switches 40, 41 of the first phase shift circuit 4 share a single substrate, in this case the third dielectric substrate e 8. The first and second switches 50, 51 of the second phase shift circuit 5 can extend over the first and second sensing surfaces 20, 21 of the receiving antenna 2. As a variant, the first and second switches 50, 51 of the second phase shift circuit 5 can be formed on the first surface 60 of the first dielectric substrate 6, in the zone of separation ZS1 of the first and second sensing surfaces 20, 21 of the receiving antenna 2. The first and second switches 50, 51 of the second phase shift circuit 5 are advantageously formed on the first surface 60 of the first dielectric substrate 6, in the separation zone ZS1, monolithically with the receiving antenna 2. By "monolithic" is meant that the receiving antenna 2 and the first and second switches 50, 51 of the second phase shift circuit 5 share a single substrate, in this case the first dielectric substrate 6.
    By way of nonlimiting examples, the first and second switches 40, 41; 50, 51 of the first and second phase shift circuits 4, 5 can be p-i-n type diodes, MEMS (“Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems” in English), NEMS (“Nano ElectroMechanical Systems” in English). The p-i-n type diodes can be made of AlGaAs.
    Other embodiments are possible for switches. By way of nonlimiting examples, radio frequency switches of the diode, transistor, photodiodes, phototransistor type are possible. The choice of a device to control the switches depends on the technology chosen. As examples, the following devices can be used:
    - an optical fiber for a photoelectric switch,
    a laser beam generated by external means and exciting a photoelectric type switch,
    - an electromagnetic wave according to the principles of remote power supply known from the field of RFID ("Fadio Frequency Identification" in English).
    The first switch 40 of the first phase shift circuit 4 alternates between the on state and the blocked state, while, simultaneously, the second switch 41 of the first phase shift circuit 4 alternates between the blocked state and the on state. In other words, at all times, the first and second switches 40, 41 belonging to the first phase shift circuit 4 have two opposite states, either on / off, or on / off. Passing / passing or blocked / blocked states are not permitted. In the same way, the first switch 50 of the second phase shift circuit 5 alternates between the on state and the blocked state, while, simultaneously, the second switch 51 of the second phase shift circuit 5 alternates between the blocked state and the passing state. In other words, at all times, the first and second switches 50, 51 belonging to the second phase shift circuit 5 have two opposite states, either on / off, or on / off. Passing / passing or blocked / blocked states are not permitted. As illustrated in the table below, it is therefore possible to obtain four phase states. The passing state is noted "1" while the blocked state is noted "0".
    First Second First Second State of Switch 40 Switch 41 Switch 50 Switch 51 phase 1 0 1 0 0 ° 1 0 0 1 90 ° 0 1 1 0 180 ° 0 1 0 1 270 °
    Electrical connection between the receiving and transmitting antennas
    The receiving antenna 2 and the transmitting antenna 3 are electrically connected to each other, in order to be able to supply them and to couple them, partly via an interconnection hole (“via” in English) main VP, preferably central, preferably metallic. The main interconnection hole VP crosses an opening in the ground plane PM. The main interconnecting hole VP is not in contact with the ground plane PM so that the main interconnecting hole VP is electrically isolated from the ground plane PM. The main interconnection hole VP is advantageously connected to the quarter wave lines 710. For example, for an operating frequency of 29 GHz, the main interconnection hole VP has a diameter of the order of 150 μm .
    The main interconnection hole VP is preferably connected to the reception antenna 2 by a first connection point. The main interconnection hole VP is preferably connected to the transmission antenna 3 by a second connection point. In general, the position of the first and second connection points varies according to the specific geometry of the reception and transmission antennas 2, 3 so as to excite the fundamental mode of resonance. In the case of the geometries illustrated in FIG. 3, the first and second connection points are respectively located near the center of the reception antenna 2 and of the transmission antenna 3, that is to say at the center of the second sensing surface 21 of the receiving antenna 2 and at the center of the second radiation surface 31 of the transmitting antenna 3. The first and second switches 40, 41 of the first phase shift circuit 4 extend from one side and on the other side of the second connection point. The first and second switches 50, 51 of the second phase shift circuit 5 extend on either side of the first connection point.
    More precisely, the main interconnection hole VP crosses the first, second and third dielectric substrates 6, 7, 8. In addition, the main interconnection hole VP connects the center of the second sensing surface 21 to the center of the second radiation surface 31 of the transmission antenna 3. The main interconnection hole VP extends in a direction corresponding to the normal to the second capture surface 21, and to the normal to the second radiation surface 31.
    Collage films
    The elementary cell 1 advantageously comprises a first bonding film FC1 arranged to bond the second surface 71 of the second dielectric substrate 7 to the second surface 61 of the first dielectric substrate 6. Thus, the first bonding film FC1 is interposed between the first and second dielectric substrates 6, 7. By way of nonlimiting example, the first bonding film FC1 may have a thickness of the order of 114 μm when the operating frequency is 29 GHz.
    The elementary cell 1 advantageously comprises a second adhesive film FC2 arranged to adhere the second surface 81 of the third dielectric substrate 8 to the first surface 70 of the second dielectric substrate 7. Thus, the second adhesive film FC2 is interposed between the second and third dielectric substrates 7, 8. By way of nonlimiting example, the second adhesive film FC1 may have a thickness of the order of 114 μm when the operating frequency is 29 GHz.
    By way of nonlimiting examples, the first and second bonding films FC1, FC2 can be produced from a material of the thermoplastic copolymer type such as chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). CuClad® 6700 can be cited as commercial bonding films.
    It should be noted that the main interconnection hole VP also passes through the first and second bonding films FC1, FC2.
    Transmitter network
    As illustrated in FIG. 1, the transmitter network RT comprises at least one source of radiation S, preferably emitting in a spectral range between 4 GHz and 170 GHz. The radiation source or sources S are arranged to irradiate a set of elementary cells 1.
    The results obtained for the architecture described in FIGS. 2 and 3 (three dielectric substrates 6, 7, 8 and six metallization levels), and at the operating frequency of 29 GHz, make it possible with respect to the state of the art and for a square array of 400 elementary cells 1:
    - increase the directivity by 2.3 dBi (isotropic decibel),
    - increase the gain by 2.3 dBi,
    - to increase the SLL ("Side Hobe Hevel") by 5.0 dB.
    In addition, the transmission band is relatively wide (> 10%) and the insertion losses 5 are low (<3 dB).
    The invention is not limited to the embodiments set out. Those skilled in the art are able to consider their technically effective combinations, and to substitute equivalents for them.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Elementary cell (1) of a transmitter network (RT) for an antenna reconfigurable at an operating frequency, the elementary cell (1) comprising:
    - a receiving antenna (2), planar, intended to receive an incident wave (E t );
    - A transmission antenna (3), planar, intended to transmit the incident wave (E t ) with a phase shift, and comprising first and second radiation surfaces (30, 31) disjoint;
    - a first phase shift circuit (4), configured to define a first pair of phase states for the incident wave (E t ); the first phase shift circuit (4) comprising first and second switches (40, 41) respectively having an on state and an off state, alternately; the passing or blocked states corresponding to a current flow, respectively authorized or blocked, between the first and second radiation surfaces (30, 31) disjoint from the transmission antenna (3);
    the elementary cell (1) being characterized in that the reception antenna (2) comprises first and second collection surfaces (20, 21) which are disjoint; and in that the elementary cell (1) comprises a second phase shift circuit (5), configured to define a second pair of phase states for incident wave (E); the second phase shift circuit (5) comprising first and second switches (50, 51) respectively having an on state and an off state, alternately; the passing or blocked states corresponding to a current flow, respectively authorized or blocked, between the first and second sensing surfaces (20, 21) disjoint from the receiving antenna (2).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Elementary cell (1) according to claim 1, comprising a delay line (LR) configured so that the second pair of phase states is 90 ° out of phase with respect to the first pair of phase states.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Elementary cell (1) according to claim 2, in which the delay line (LR) extends from the reception antenna (2).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Elementary cell (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a first dielectric substrate (6) comprising:
    - a first surface (60), provided with the receiving antenna (2);
    - A second surface (61), opposite the first surface (60), and provided with bias lines (610) arranged to bias the first and second switches (50, 51) of the second phase shift circuit (5).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Elementary cell (1) according to claim 4, comprising a second dielectric substrate (7) comprising:
    - a first surface (70), provided with a ground plane (PM);
    - a second surface (71), opposite the first surface (70).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Elementary cell (1) according to claim 5, in which the second surface (71) of the second dielectric substrate (7) is provided with quarter wave lines (710) electrically connected to the ground plane (PM).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. elementary cell (1) according to claim 5 or 6, comprising a first bonding film (FC1) arranged to bond the second surface (71) of the second dielectric substrate (7) on the second surface (61) of the first dielectric substrate (6).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Elementary cell (1) according to one of claims 5 to 7, comprising a third dielectric substrate (8) comprising:
    - a first surface (80), provided with the transmission antenna (3);
    - a second surface (81), opposite the first surface (80), and provided with bias lines (810) arranged to bias the first and second switches (40, 41) of the first phase shift circuit (4).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. elementary cell (1) according to claim 8 in combination with claim 7, comprising a second bonding film (FC2) arranged to bond the second surface (81) of the third dielectric substrate (8) on the first surface (70) of the second dielectric substrate (7).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Elementary cell (1) according to claim 9 in combination with claim 6, comprising a main interconnection hole (VP), arranged to electrically connect the reception antenna (2) and the transmission antenna (3) ; the main interconnection hole (VP) passing through the first, second and third dielectric substrates (6, 7, 8) as well as the first and second bonding films (FC1, FC2); the main interconnection hole (VP) being electrically isolated from the ground plane (PM); the main interconnecting hole (VP) being connected to the quarter wave lines (710).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. An antenna reconfigurable at an operating frequency, comprising a transmitter network (RT) comprising a set of elementary cells (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3065329B1|2019-07-05|
    EP3392959A1|2018-10-24|
    US10680329B2|2020-06-09|
    EP3392959B1|2020-09-02|
    US20180301807A1|2018-10-18|
    引用文献:
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    RU196050U1|2019-10-04|2020-02-14|Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В.И. Ульянова |Modular walk through antenna cell|
    FR3105610B1|2019-12-18|2021-12-17|Commissariat Energie Atomique|Reconfigurable antenna with transmitter network with monolithic integration of elementary cells|
    CN111490351B|2020-03-18|2021-07-16|南京星腾通信技术有限公司|Digital phased array antenna with multiple bit quantization|
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    RU205718U1|2020-12-25|2021-07-30|Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В.И. Ульянова |Cell of modular loop-through antenna array|
    法律状态:
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    2018-10-19| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20181019 |
    2019-04-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1753285|2017-04-14|
    FR1753285A|FR3065329B1|2017-04-14|2017-04-14|ELEMENTARY CELL OF A TRANSMITTER NETWORK FOR A RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA|FR1753285A| FR3065329B1|2017-04-14|2017-04-14|ELEMENTARY CELL OF A TRANSMITTER NETWORK FOR A RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA|
    EP18166901.1A| EP3392959B1|2017-04-14|2018-04-11|Elementary cell of a transmitter network for a reconfigurable antenna|
    US15/951,680| US10680329B2|2017-04-14|2018-04-12|Unit cell of a transmission network for a reconfigurable antenna|
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